VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) is a significant network that is broadly applicable for enhancing road safety, traffic flow, decreasing traffic and furthermore. Along with suggestible findings, we propose some of the probable problem description on VANETs:

Problem Statement 1: Efficient Routing in Highly Dynamic VANETs

Research Problem: In the case of extensive vehicle mobility, instant modification of topology is encountered by VANETs which results in reduced network functionality and periodic route breakdowns. The response time and packet loss is expanded due to the implementation of conventional routing protocols which frequently dissatisfies in preserving the constant routes.

Significant Findings: A hybrid routing protocol needs to be designed and executed which efficiently integrates the responsive routing tactics with potential of dynamics. Depending on vehicle stability and mobility, the protocol must dynamically switch among these tactics. For preserving the constant routes, synthesize the position-based routing which deploys spatial information.

Measures to Proceed:

1. Effective hybrid routing protocol with flexible technologies required to be developed.
2. In a simulation platform like NS-3, execute the protocol.
3. By implementing metrics like Routing Overhead, PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) and End-to-End Delay, contrast the functionality in opposition to current protocols like GPSR, DSR and AODV.

Problem Statement 2: Security and Privacy in VANET Communication

Research Problem: Considering the diverse security attacks like spoofing, DoS assaults, eavesdropping, Sybil attacks, VANETs are very susceptible. In the process of preserving the network functionalities, it is difficult to assure secure and personal communication.

Significant Findings: By including privacy-preserving algorithms, authorization and authentication mechanisms, it is required to design an extensive security model. To secure user secrecy, we can utilize PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) for pseudonym strategies and secure communication.

Measures to Proceed:

1. To synthesize pseudonym strategies, PKI and digital signatures, a security model should be developed.
2. In the NS-3 platform, execute the model and simulate different attack scenarios.
3. While preserving the network functionality and obstructing assaults, use QoS and security standards to assess the capability of the model.

Problem Statement 3: Scalability and Performance in Urban VANETs

Research Problem: Regarding the case of complicated road blueprints and extensive vehicle density, scalability problems are addressed by the Urban VANETs which results in network traffic and extended impacts of packets. In those environments, it could be complex to assure authentic communication.

Significant Findings: Particularly for urban VANETs, an adaptive MAC protocol must be modeled crucially. To enhance throughput and decrease accidents, the transmission power and contention window sizes have to be modified effectively through the protocol on the basis of network conditions and local traffic density.

Measures to Proceed:

1. An adaptive MAC protocol with effective adaptable technologies must be generated.
2. On the NS-3 environment. Execute the protocol and simulate different urban traffic events.
3. With the use of metrics like End-to-End Delay, Collision Rate and Throughput, the adaptability and functionality of the protocol must be assessed.

Problem Statement 4: Vehicular Cloud Computing for Enhanced VANET Services

Research Problem: Specific services are improved like security systems, traffic control and educational entertainment with the application of cloud computing resources in VANETs. Among vehicles and cloud services, it can be difficult to carry out dynamic resource utilization and data offloading despite its productive benefits.

Significant Findings: In terms of network conditions and vehicle backgrounds, a vehicular cloud computing model should be generated which refines resource utilization and data offloading. To make wise offloading decisions and forecast network conditions, we can acquire the benefit of machine learning algorithms.

Measures to Proceed:

1. Utilize resource allocation technologies and predictive data offloading techniques to develop a vehicular cloud computing model.
2. In a simulation platform, execute the model and synthesize machine learning frameworks.
3. Make use of metrics like Service latency, Offloading Delay and Resource Allocation, the potential of models in enhancing resource allocation and service capacity ought to be analyzed.

Problem Statement 5: QoS-Aware Multicast Routing in VANETs

Research Problem: As regards diverse link capacities and effective network topology, it can be demanding to assist QoS (Quality of Service) for multicast applications in VANETs like team interaction and video streaming.

Significant Findings: Especially for assuring authentic data delivery with low-latency and jitter, a QoS-aware multicast routing protocol must be designed. In choosing multicast routes, the protocol must examine QoS demands, vehicle mobility and link stability.

Measures to Proceed:

1. By including QoS metrics and link flexibility, QoS-aware multicast routing protocol is required to be generated.
2. The protocol must be executed in NS-3 and simulate different multicast conditions.
3. Based on Jitter, End-to-End Delay and PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio), crucially assess the performance of protocol.

Problem Statement 6: Collision Avoidance and Traffic Management in VANETs

Research Problem: In order to enhance traffic flow and decrease collisions in VANETs, dynamic traffic management and collision obstruction techniques are very essential. In the case of different traffic conditions and high mobility, maintaining the real-time data processing and decision-making is a major concern, apart from its benefits.

Significant Findings: A collision avoidance and traffic management system has to be created which efficiently deploys real-time data that is extracted from vehicular sensors and models. Depending on real-time data, enhance traffic signal timings and anticipate probable accidents by executing machine learning techniques.

What are some possible projects in the automotive engineering domain?

Automotive Engineering is often a detailed study of vehicles or vehicle components from manufacturing stage up to production. Encompassing the diverse perspectives of renewability, vehicle model, security and functionality, few compelling and potential project concepts are suggested by us on the domain of automotive engineering:

1. Electric Vehicle (EV) Development and Optimization

• Battery Management Systems: For electric vehicles, enhance functionality and durability of batteries by creating an effective battery management system.
• EV Charging Stations: A smart EV charging station needs to be modeled and executed with user authorization, load balancing and renewable energy synthesization.
• Range Prediction Model: In terms of traffic conditions, ecological determinants and battery capacity, forecast the range of an EV by developing a framework.

2. Autonomous Vehicle Technologies

• Object Detection and Avoidance: By implementing computer vision and machine learning methods, we create a vision-based object detection and avoidance system.
• Lane Keeping Assist System: To preserve the vehicle centered in its lane, a lane-keeping assist system should be created which employs sensors and cameras.
• Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication: Facilitate the vehicles to interact with each other for enhancing traffic safety and capability by executing a V2V communication system.

3. Vehicle Dynamics and Control

• Adaptive Cruise Control: Depending on traffic conditions, regulate the speed of the vehicle through designing an adaptive cruise control system which must preserve a secure following distance.
• Active Suspension System: For the purpose of improving convenience ride and management, adapt to actual-time with road scenarios by developing an adaptive suspension system.
• Torque Vectoring: Distribute torque to various wheels through executing a torque vectoring system which efficiently enhances flexibility of vehicle and management.

4. Sustainable Automotive Solutions

• Lightweight Materials: In order to enhance fuel effectivity and decrease vehicle weight, we should explore the application of lightweight elements like aluminium alloys, fibre and carbon.
• Hybrid Powertrain Development: To enhance performance and capability, a hybrid powertrain system should be created and enhanced by us for integrating the internal combustion engine with electric motor.
• Emission Reduction Technologies: Regarding internal combustion engines, decrease the transmissions by modeling productive mechanisms or applications like EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and enhanced catalytic converters.

5. Automotive Safety Systems

• Collision Avoidance System: Identify probable accidents and carry out safeguard measures by designing a collision avoidance system with the use of cameras, radar and lidar.
• Driver Monitoring System:  For identifying tiredness, diversion and driver fatigue, a driver monitoring system has to be modeled which deploys sensors and cameras.
• Crashworthiness Analysis: On a vehicle infrastructure, make use of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) to conduct an analysis on collision durability which paves the way for reducing the damage in accidents and enhancing the security characteristics.

6. Connected Vehicle Technologies

• Telematics System: For the purpose of insurance, diagnostics and fleet management, gather and transfer vehicle data through creating a telematics system.
• Infotainment System: An enhanced entertainment system should be generated with specific characteristics such as connecting with smart devices and smartphones, navigation and voice recognition.
• Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communication: Considering the optimal approaches of traffic control and security, access vehicles to interact with road architectures by executing a V2I communication system.

7. Advanced Manufacturing and Materials

• 3D Printing of Automotive Parts: With the aim of creating complicated automotive segments in addition with enhanced models and components, the application of 3D printing technology must be investigated.
• Composite Materials Development: To decrease weight and enhance capacity and flexibility in automotive systems, a detailed research must be carried out by us on novel composite sources.
• Smart Manufacturing Methods: In automotive production, improve the potential of manufacturing and quality management through executing smart manufacturing algorithms like Industry 4.0 mechanisms.

8. Aerodynamics and Fuel Efficiency

• Aerodynamic Optimization: For enhancing the fuel capability and decreasing the airflow, enhance the vehicle model through carrying out wind tunnel evaluation and aerodynamic simulations.
• Active Aerodynamics: In accordance with traffic conditions, generate suitable and effective aerodynamic components like air dams and adaptable spoilers which improves the capability and functionality in a crucial manner.
• Fuel Efficiency Analysis: Optimize the fuel consumption by performing an extensive analysis on determinants which impacts fuel capability and suggest some significant model advancements.

9. Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH)

• NVH Analysis: Main sources of noise and vibration ought to be detected through conducting an NVH analysis. To mitigate the disruptions, suggest possible findings.
• Soundproofing Materials: To enhance the acoustic convenience of a vehicle’s interior, novel soundproofing sources have to be explored and evaluated.
• Vibration Isolation System: From the road to the vehicle cabin, the transmission of vibrations must be reduced by modeling a vibration isolation system.

10. Human-Machine Interface (HMI)

• Augmented Reality Dashboard: An AR (Augmented Reality) dashboard required to be created by us that exhibits significant data like direction or speed on the windshield.
• Gesture Control System: For enabling drivers to communicate with vehicle systems like weather control and entertainment through the use of hand gestures, develop a gesture control system.
• Haptic Feedback Systems: Particularly for touch-related controls in the vehicle, offer sensory reviews by developing a haptic feedback system.